Investment Treaty Arbitration

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Investment treaty arbitration lets investors hold host states accountable for expropriation and unfair treatment, and we represent investors and states in claims under bilateral investment treaties, free trade agreements, and investment contracts before ICSID and other tribunals.

Cross-border investment runs on a web of bilateral investment treaties, free trade agreements, and investment contracts that promise foreign investors fair treatment and protection from arbitrary state action. We represent both investors and states in investment treaty arbitration, including proceedings before ICSID and ad hoc tribunals, where the stakes and the political pressure both run high.

Claims For Investors

When a host state expropriates an investment, denies fair and equitable treatment, discriminates against a foreign investor, or breaks an investment contract, treaty arbitration is often the only neutral forum available. We build the claim from the ground up: confirming treaty coverage, structuring the investment to qualify for protection, quantifying losses with economic experts, and advocating before the tribunal. We focus on a theory the arbitrators can actually award on.

Defending Host States

States need advocates who respect both the law and the public interest behind regulatory decisions. We defend states against treaty claims by challenging jurisdiction, contesting whether a qualifying investment exists, and showing that legitimate regulation is not a treaty breach. We work to keep damages exposure realistic and to preserve a government's room to act in areas like public health, the environment, and national security.

Jurisdiction And Enforcement

Investment cases are won and lost on threshold questions long before the merits. We litigate consent to arbitrate, nationality requirements, the definition of investment, and the reach of most-favored-nation and umbrella clauses. After an award, we pursue or resist recognition and enforcement under the ICSID Convention or the New York Convention, tracing assets across jurisdictions and answering sovereign immunity defenses.

Frequently asked questions

It lets a foreign investor bring a claim directly against the host state when the state breaks protections promised in a treaty or investment contract. Those protections come from bilateral investment treaties, multilateral treaties, or the contract itself. Cases usually proceed at ICSID or under the UNCITRAL Rules.

Common ones are fair and equitable treatment, protection against expropriation without compensation, full protection and security, non-discrimination (national treatment and most-favored-nation treatment), and the right to move your funds freely. The exact wording varies treaty to treaty, so the specific text controls what you can claim.

A qualifying investor who made a qualifying investment in a host state that's party to an applicable treaty. Your nationality, your corporate structure, and how the treaty defines "investment" are threshold questions the tribunal must resolve before it even reaches the merits.

The main remedy is money to compensate for losses caused by the treaty breach. Restitution is possible in theory but rarely ordered. Tribunals can also award interest, costs, and declaratory relief depending on the facts.

ICSID is a self-contained system. Instead of national-court review, it has its own annulment process, it shields the case from local court interference, and its awards are automatically enforceable across all ICSID member states without going through New York Convention proceedings. That self-contained structure is the main reason parties choose it.

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